yes do it right it is now recording so there you go does anybody have any
questions before we start if you do get writing i will see it well do if
there aren't it looks like there aren't um just interrupt me if you uh
haven't oh yes . I can drink my tea. Hello, hello. The chismet sounds very
loud when someone contributes to the chat. Ah, notifications. Yes, but a
little lower, can it be? No, yes or no, I think they are my options. Okay.
Get out of there, get out of there. Okay, with a little luck they won't
sound now, but I'm going to see them. If I haven't answered in terms of 20
seconds or 30 seconds or before finishing the sentence, repeat the
question, that is, pick it up, copy it, that you can pick it up, copy it
and paste it again, and so there is a greater possibility. that I see it.
Well, it's finally open. Did anyone look at that link in the last class?
Why not? Anyway, that is an explanation of why literature is important and
I think what they say there is quite interesting. Well, then, when we ask
what literature is, does anyone remember? I don't remember what our answers
were, there were like two main topics. To look with the eye of another,
that is one of the advantages for the reader, that is, the joy, the
pleasure is in that and it is related. But to define what literature is,
more than why we like to read some. Well, I'm going to answer. I know it's
a lot of writing the answers. In short, it's only going to be this week, as
I understand it, unless the government, the community, someone decides to
close our new one, then we'll have to get used to these three. One of the
things I said was careful writing, that is, careful writing. It's not just
the fact that you're going to publish something or you're going to teach
something to a large group of people, it makes writing careful. It is not
just writing the first thing that comes to mind. And the other thing I
mentioned was that writing had a purpose beyond simply transmitting
information. In short, what evidence do we have that Beowulf is a careful
writing and not simply what happens to a teenager as an adventure or
something like that? Teenagers? I imagine that in the exam the first
question is why Beowulf qualifies as literature. A question. A little
probable question, but potentially possible. So you have to justify that it
is a careful writing, it is not just someone writing the first thing that
comes to mind. Nobody? Well, we have everything that arises from formal
analysis. So one thing you could mention to me. Yes. The first thing that
comes to mind are the commensurate phrases, the understatements. And the
most important example of these is the case of litotes. Does anyone
remember what an understatement is? A commensurate expression? There are
far fewer understatements in Spanish than in English. Well, an obvious
example would be to call the Atlantic a puddle. When you refer to an ocean
as a puddle, you are intentionally taking away its importance. And you
know, the typical Monty Python thing when someone just cut his arm and the
guy says it's just a scratch. Well, those are understatements. The litotes
is related to this. It's when you use the negation adverb, the no or the
not, with the opposite. So if someone is angry and we say he's not very
happy, it's a case of litotes. And that, both the understatements, which is
like the incitement to anger, and the exaggerations, on the contrary, is a
way of understanding them. How litotes are characteristics of English-Saxon
literature and of English literature, literature written in English, of all
times. Another thing are variations. If you're talking about a direct way
to simply transmit information, each thing has a term and you use this
term. However, a very typical thing in the literature of all cultures is
what is called the elegant variation, which implies changing the way you
refer to something. For example, in Beowulf I think there are like 29
different ways of referring to something. The word elegant is used to refer
to swords. Swords are very important in the work and different terms are
used like knife, whatever. And included within this are the kenninga. Do
you remember what a kenninga is? Can someone dare to describe a definition
of a kenninga? Of a kenning? I always have the fear that everyone has
turned on the machine and then gone to have a coffee. So it says there are
11 people there, but really there is no one there, I'm talking alone.
Nobody remembers what a kenninga is. One of the most important terms to
write Beowulf, right? You can assume not. A classic kenninga. A classic is
two nouns that are united in modern English by a script, in Anglo-Saxon
they are simply united, which refers to something else. And within this
classic definition of kenninga or kennings is that neither of the two terms
alone refers to that other thing that is being described. So, for example,
if I say sea dress, neither dress nor sea refers to the sail of a ship, but
together it can suggest this thing. So the most important metaphorical
resource in Anglo-Saxon literature is the kenninga, and you will find it
regularly, both within the elegias and within Beowulf. You have to know the
term and be able to use the definitions to answer any question in PEC or in
the exam about this. Is anyone there? Can someone write yes or no? Maybe
not, eh? Wait. I'll turn on the notifications. Ah, okay, it's working.
Good, you're there. What happens is that it takes a while for the messages
to come out. Good. So, any more evidence that this is a script to be taken
care of? We have mentioned the understatements, the phrases with measures,
these anti-exaggerations, so to speak, the lithotis, the variation that
includes the kenninga. Anything else that has emerged in the exercises that
I have been putting in the forum? Well, Anglo-Saxon literature is the
repetition of the sound at the beginning, the typically consonant sound, at
the beginning of the remarked syllables. That is, the first remarked
syllable in the second half of the verse repeats one or both sounds at the
beginning of the remarked syllables in the first half of the verse. If you
don't have this clear, take a look at the explanations that are in the
forum. I have put several different ones that say the same thing. Another
thing we have is dramatic irony. What is dramatic irony? Dramatic irony is
a term that will be useful over the years of studying literature, both in
the first and the second, as well as in the third. Even in American
literature there is some dramatic irony. Any idea? Well, dramatic irony is
when we know something that the characters inside the story, the narrative,
don't know. So it can be situational, it can be a situation where the guy
closes all the locks of the door on both sides and we know that the monster
is already inside. Or comments to this effect, the typical trope of horror
movies when the boy says to the girl you stay in here you will be safe. And
obviously the killer is going to enter or has already entered and the boy
goes out and leaves the girl defenseless according to these sexist models.
There is a lot of dramatic irony here, as in almost all literature. And
there are also quite a few presages. And obviously, for there to be
dramatic irony and foreshadowing it has to be thought about how the work
will progress before you start writing. There are ways to write
automatically where you start writing and you take the story to where your
imagination and your subconscious or whatever wants to go. But this does
not tend to create great literature. And yet, if we have these elements
like presages, like echoes of something that has happened previously, we
have dramatic irony. The thing has a certain structure. So we can say that
Beowulf is literature because it has these formal elements. And the other
thing I mentioned was writing with a purpose. It's not just telling a good
story. What could be Beowulf's purpose? Has anyone been able to read the
tutorial notes that I published? They are not giving any answers. I don't
know. Anyway, there is an important problem with writing a book of these
characteristics. Writing a book at this time cost something similar So,
when we write about literature about the terms that we use. The knights are
from a later time. Let's start with knights next week when we start dealing
with the stories of Canterbury. Why isn't it moving forward? Of course, you
have thousands of messages here and not... Good. Values, warriors and
principles of the comitatus. Very good. I like that more. Knights need to
go on horseback. These people don't fight on horseback and they are not
knights, they are warriors and you have to distinguish them. This should
move forward on its own because it isn't doing so. Good. The code of the
hero. But the code of the hero is quite general. Good. I wrote in 1450 when
just before the press arrived in England just before the press arrived in
Gutenberg there were 122 books in the University of Cambridge. That is,
there are six times more books behind me than those in the University of
Cambridge. And my family is from the University of Oxford so we enjoy
attacking Cambridge. But it was something similar in Oxford. And the
problem is that a book cost the same to produce than the value or cost of a
small farm, a minifundio. So books were very expensive. You couldn't write
a book simply to entertain people to start because little people knew how
to read. But also it's a very expensive thing. It's something like the most
expensive cars you can imagine, etc., etc. You don't have books just for
when the TV So it's to transmit the values of Commitatus, as someone said.
Where do we get the word Commitatus from? There's a clue in the US
termination. Why isn't this thing? The object is to transmit values of
religion? Not exactly. There are a lot of answers here. It's that it goes
very fast. I'm getting tired today. Anyway, well, from Latin and from
Tacitus. Very good. So, Tacitus used this term Commitatus to refer to the
bands of warriors in the first century after Christ. We are talking first
on one part of the sixth century after Christ, five years later. And in
some ways we are talking about the values of the Anglo-Saxons several
centuries later than this and not even for that advance the thing. Anyway,
Commitatus. But I generally use the term in Anglo-Saxon because we are
talking about an Anglo-Saxon context and that. Anyway, but basically it
means the same thing. Well, then it can be understood as a book of codes, a
code book, a book that illustrates the rules of a society. And we are going
to see that this is a surprisingly common type in literature. Even things
as late as pride and prejudice of Jane Austen . It can be understood from
this point of It can be from point of view this can be understood from
point So one of the interpretations about the purpose of this book is that
the idea is Ealde Richt Ealde Richt or Richt Richt something like that. We
know approximations because we really don't have the generation of any
Anglo-Saxon died the last person who spoke Anglo-Saxon as a native died
about 800 years before the invention of excavations sadly. So it is
understood that it is a language that is spoken a language that is spoken
much closer to how it is written than English. English has these
distortions over time but something similar to what it is basically the
comitatus but is the most common in the world and it is a very popular
language in the world and it a very common word that is used in terms of
customs rights laws how things should be done we know sadly the German term
parallel which is Reich as the Third Reich etc. which is also related to
the same type of language German people so it is right but right in this
sense well then as I said it may be that the book is a teaching book for
some principle that is how a principle should be and basically everything
that all the characters do in the work can be measured as something that
meets the comitatus or something that puts it in the introspection or
imposes it and the hero Beowulf meets basically almost always there are
some cases where he puts it a little in the introspection with what is
raised there well then this would be what we saw when the work and we read
it because it gives us a window over this society and the people of the
time heard it to understand how they should behave so within this
understanding that we have answers that is the one who criticizes Beowulf
who is the great example of someone who does not respect the rules insults
a guest yes all right then he has been cowardly against the enemies in the
past and in fact he lends his sword to Beowulf instead of fighting him
against Beowulf's then he would be our example of someone who does not
comply with the rules Rothgard is a great king in the sense that he is
generally wise he has reigned 50 years he has done things quite well but he
is old and not able to defend his people against that new threat then he
contrasts with Beowulf in this sense Hegelac is the king of Beowulf at the
beginning of history he is very strong and powerful but he is hasty and
causes a war with the Swedes that he loses and should not have caused it is
not necessary and then Rothulf we have a king who gets into the
contradictions of what is the loyal of Grieg because one of his children
kills another of his children by accident with a hunting accident shoots an
arrow then on one hand this king should kill he enters into depression and
dies because he does not know what to do and that shows a bit the
limitations of the real of life one of the things that we have one of the
things that we have to take into account is that in this case the vision of
the world of the characters and of the writer are different the characters
are living in a pre-christian world not a historically pre-christian world
because the anglosaxons but the people of Beowulf were polytheists pagans
who believe in Odin and all this type of people all these types of gods and
nevertheless the writer is clearly christian so we have a certain tension
in the work between these two tendencies the supernatural world that is
presented inside the work is a world where well it's a bit like the world
of the Old Testament it's a world where people is copied by two monks later
or copied, you know, copied from a text that another Christian person, and
probably a monk before, had copied. So the theory of the two monks is quite
well sustained, but it is not absolutely written in stone, simply because
we do not know if the apparent two hands that we have writing are from the
last version, from the definitive written version that we have, or if they
are simply two people making a copy of the book. So yes, we have elements
of syncretism, we have Grendel who is not a tyrant, he seems more like a
troll, a troll from the Nordic legends, he is described as a descendant of
Cain. So Christian elements and pagans are mixed within the work. Anyway,
all Christians at this time believed in dragons and monsters and giants,
etc. These things already existed in the world, for everyone. There was no
one so cynical to think that there were no dragons. So the syncretism that
exists is a fairly natural process, that is, there are the superstitions of
always, everyone knows that there are supernatural elements, and then there
is the God mentioned in the Bible. And also the society that is described
is a little different. There are elements, for example, of Virgilt in the
work, but it is not the fundamental aspect of society. However, in
Christianized English society it was an already established element. What
am I referring to with Virgilt? Does anyone know what it means? No, no, no,
that's weird. Let's get to it, weird. Virgilt, does anyone know the word
werewolf? Yes. Compensation for Ikea, life of a man. I mentioned werewolf
because werewolf means wolf-man. The part man in Virgilt is man-gold. The
man, the gold, the money, the valuable things, has changed. Yes, but it's
not... I mean, it was just part of my etymological explanation. We're not
going to get into werewolves now. We're going to get into werewolves at the
end of the course, but no. Well. Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. Yes. It is
compensation that you can pay for the life of a man. Or for physical damage
against a person. So it could cost X the life of a man. It could cost much
less, obviously. Cut the finger off a slave. So there's a kind of barometer
to measure those things. And the important thing is that you can pay for
this and you can receive that compensation money. And the thing is healthy.
You don't have to go into a revenge, into a revenge, which is one of the
aspects that destabilized this society a lot. Once a revenge begins,
everyone is constantly taking revenge for the previous thing that was done.
But this can stop this process in the dry by paying compensation. And is
there any example of this within the work? Yes. Good. Yes. Substituting
revenge, exactly. Well, I understand the question you have. Excellent. Yes.
Rothgard had paid Edgdahl, the father of Beowulf, had killed the head of
the Wolflings. Or the Wulflinglas. So, yes, Grendel doesn't have money.
Grendel doesn't participate in human society in this sense. Grendel's
father had killed a local chief. So he had sought refuge with the
Beardains, in the court of Rothgard. And Rothgard had paid compensation to
save the life of this wolf. Then Beowulf had this debt contracted by his
father. And it is one of his reasons to go and save the Danes. Another
reason he has is that he thinks he can do it. At this time, if you can make
a good public, it is your obligation, and they use the term obligation, to
do it. A little different from our society. Good. Yes. Good. So. In the
natural world, how do the two societies conceive the natural world? Is it
very happy-flowered? It is a threat, yes. We are talking about a society
where an important percentage of the population dies every winter, where
there are situations of famine, there is cannibalism, there are people
selling their children as slaves for hunger, etc., etc. We are talking
about a society that is quite at the limit in these senses. And nature is
threatening. Why is the class going to be over? The class ends at seven
minus four. We have another forty minutes, right? Sorry, fifty minutes. I
don't know. I don't know why you think so. Ok, ok. Ok. Well, then, age,
life expectancy ... There are problems with audio. There are problems
with... It sounds to me like ... If someone has problems with audio, the
best solution is to leave and start over again. That's it. This almost
always solves the problems. I think it's a personal problem. Sometimes it
happens, sometimes it comes out and then it comes back, okay? Generally, it
sounds better from my house than from the classroom, you have to say it,
but anyway. So, yes, nature is a threat. And the only way to survive in
this type of situation is if the community gets a little above the
individual interests. And from there, too, the right. Well, oh, it turns
out. Well, there. We have all day long. Here I sing. Last week I offered
you what is going to come out, I hope, yes, last week I offered you a list
of questions that could be asked in almost any work, any work of
literature. So let's take a look at Beowulf from this perspective, because
it's a way we can compartmentalize information. What does a great leader in
society do? I am going to start. It has to be honest, it has to be
generous, it has to be willing to sacrifice himself, it has to be
magnanimous, and increasingly defend its people, of course, it has to be
socially responsible. Yes. respect, and for example, she gives an example,
the comitatus. He has to be willing to distribute wealth. One of the things
that happens in this society, in the Continental, the Beowulf, is that the
kings can attract young people who want to fight from other parts. A
characteristic of the comitatus, a characteristic that I comment directly
on Tacitus and also Lealdirith, is that it is a personal relationship, it
is not a relationship for the people. So a warrior swears loyalty to a
king. It is a leader who chooses. So when it seems that a war is being
waged out there, then the young people everywhere go to both sides, if all
of them go to one side, it will be a short war, to demonstrate their
bravery and to create their own fame and their own reputation. So it's the
process of wealth distribution. To win adepts, to win warriors and
therefore to win battles and therefore to have more treasure to distribute
is one of the dynamics of society. When Christianity reaches the
Anglo-Saxons, it begins to work a little against this because this
destabilizes society. It is in almost constant war if this is the engine of
society. And in fact, one of the questions of Beowulf's work that cannot be
answered is if Beowulf creates 50 years of peace, once he is king, where
does he get the treasures to pay for his things, his warriors? And it
cannot be answered. On the one hand, it is possible that simply Beowulf's
reputation is enough for no one to dare attack him, but it is understood
that he has to be taking out his treasures somehow to pay his people. So
one of the expressions that are used at this time is that the leader should
be like a lion in battle and like a lamb, like a lamb in the battle. in the
hall, in the palace. What did Unamuno say? Or who was it? Before they
interrupted me? What I was saying before they interrupted me? Something
like that. Well. Does everyone see and hear me? Again? I hope so. Well,
let's continue. Or try to continue if they let us. So what happens little
by little historically is that literature replaces the heroes of Can y
Hueso. A work of art cannot give you an unpleasant surprise like Michael
Jackson. You can't put a lot a lot emotional burden or, as they say, a lot
of emotional credit in a kind of hero who then defrauds people, etc. if
that hero is written in the literature. The heroes of Can y Hueso usually
defraud before or after. So the process changes in that sense and
presenting a hero in black and white a written hero is a form that
primitive societies become more sophisticated societies. We have talked
nature. What is civilization? To be civilized for these people is to follow
the ealdirith, to follow the comitatus. That's what civilized people do.
Who belongs to the community? Well, the comitatus. Literally, in the sense
of Tacitus, is the group of warriors who have sworn loyalty to the king.
And social cohesion is based on And again, there's no video, there's no
video. Video not activated, video activated. And we try again. Good. Where
did it go? It took my slide. We try again. Ok, we're back. What is the role
of women in this society? What is the role of women in this society? The
role of women is the mother of Grendel. No, no and no. First, the mother of
Grendel is feminine, but she can't be called a woman. Peace Weaver is very
good, being a mother is very good. So, within Beowulf's work the role of
the woman is mainly as a mother and we have Walfrey, I think, sorry, the
last thing I understood is that they form part of the community those who
swear to tell stories. Yes, no, I was just saying that the shop, shopa in
plural, are also part of this community and their role is to cohesivate
this community with their stories. To sing the glories of the tribe and of
the king and also of the committee of the band of warriors, they cohesion
the group. Yes, that, within the work the women are mostly mothers and
peace weavers. Young single women are used to cement, to establish or
strengthen peace agreements. They marry young women from royal families or
whatever between the two sides so that there is a connection between the
two groups. sometimes it doesn't. When it doesn't work obviously the
situation of these poor women is not very there, but it is what it is. The
reality in the Sajona was quite different. The woman in the Sajona could
have properties, could represent herself in the courts. One of the military
leaders in the Sajona was the daughter of Alfredo the Great who captured
several cities to the Danes such as Derby and a few more, I don't remember
the other two, probably Leicester. They were very educated, very doctors
and women who were missionaries who went to Germany to convert men there
into Christians etc. So the woman in the Sajona had a lot of rights who
were in charge of double monasteries. Double monasteries are when you have
a monastery of men and women, but it's not as interesting as it sounds.
There were two institutions one next to the other a concept within the
Anglo-Saxons that women had access to wisdom that men didn't have. So there
were people like I think it was Hilda from Whitby who went to Reyes nun and
she a nun in the Sajona and she was a nun in the Sajona in the Sajona and
she was a nun Sajona and she was a nun in the Sajona and she Sajona and she
Sajona and she was a nun in the Sajona and so there was Well, Grendel only
has one relative, his mother. Grendel's family consists of Mrs. Grendel and
Grendel's son. There is no more. But the two represent monsters, they are
an attack from a Danish point of view, not provoked, or at least it is
provoked by the music of Heorot, the music that there is inside the palace
that Grendel does not support and that is why he begins to attack it. He is
attacking above all what is the symbol of the community, which is the Hall.
So there is some threat from outside, personified in a way, in this
monster. And then we see that inside this monster there are also rules,
rules of revenge because Grendel's mother comes and comes to him. The
dragon. What could symbolically represent the dragon? A lot of people
coming in and out. What can the dragon represent? Oh my God, oh my God. Can
you still hear me? No. Grendel has left the image. So it seems to me that
although he has said that there is a mistake, we have followed. Hello? Does
anyone hear me? Ah, Aparicia, okay, Aparicia can represent Aparicia. I
think the messages are coming out very late. The world, yes, I guess the
yes is that you hear me. Well, yes, okay. to be able to distribute it, to
be a ring giver of these. What the dragon does is take an accumulated
treasure from a tribe and live on it and not distribute it. In fact, there
are some stories, some harmonic sagas that suggest that the king who
accumulates treasures becomes a dragon, turns into a dragon in the end. So
the dragon can even be, a little symbolically, a king who has not
distributed his treasures. But above all, the dragon is this incorrect use
of treasures. We have to... Problem. Let's move on to the next question.
What classes are there in this society? Since we are not having much
success with the messages, I'm just going to answer my own questions and so
at least we progress before the next interruption. Basically, there is a
class, there is a class that is important, which is the comitatus. The rest
of society hardly matters. There is the concept that sometimes there are
peace weavers, it is assumed that there are children out there, etc. There
is the comitatus around the boss, the lord, the king or whatever, and
that's it. The rest of society, the slaves, etc., are basically invisible.
We have a slave who stole the dragon's cup and he is more or less the only
slave, if I remember correctly, who is mentioned in the whole work. Most of
the people who live in this society are invisible because they are not
mentioned. That said, mentioning the servants, mentioning the slaves,
mentioning the peasants in the later period of the Middle Ages would be as
meaningless as mentioning our dishes or our washing machine or our dryer.
They exist at another level and they are not interesting to be described or
to interact with in society. So, that concept of class is enormously
important and it is much closer to what we could understand as caste rather
than simply class. Because they are generally impregnable thresholds. What
is the meaning of life? Once again, this question depends on whether we are
talking... Go away! I suppose we are continuing, I think so. What is the
meaning of life? We were asking. Well, the meaning of life. Yes, it is
totally different if we are talking about the characters inside the work or
the monk who is in addition to the narration giving comments. The meaning
of life of the monk is to be a good Christian, as is logical. But inside
the work there is only what is called pagan consolation. What is pagan
consolation? Well, the possibility of surviving death in your fame. If you
manage to be very, very, very famous like Beowulf, then you can survive
your death in 1500 years. And we are talking about Beowulf here. If this
character ever existed, it was 1500 years ago. And therefore he has
deceived death creating a reputation for his deeds and therefore having
fame. And that is the only consolation of the pagan because they do not
have the option of the Christian heaven. The fundamental values ​​of
the community we have discussed the situation of Leal de Richt quite a bit.
What is the role of the shop? What is the role of the shops? Well, they
sing the praises. It is a very interesting figure and it is understood that
the first oral versions of Beowulf were sung by Shopa. But they are part of
the comitatus. They are members of the comitatus and typically, yes,
surely, they would be much more elastic, much more customizable, the works
until they are written. Once they are written, they remain fossilized, so
to speak. But then the shop would typically be part of the shield wall,
that is, the way these people fight. If someone has seen the British series
called The Last King or most likely, because it has spread much more in
Spain, the series of Vikings, you will be very aware of what the shield
wall is. The shop would be part of the shield wall, but it did not have the
obligation to die with its king. If it was clear that everything was lost,
the shop could be kicked out because that way someone would stay alive to
sing the glories of these people who have died in battle. The shop is
someone who speaks a lot among a group of people who were famously
taciturn. There was not much desire to talk among these people. If you know
English men, you already know what I am referring to. They are people who
keep their emotions, they are people who... The video is working. Yes,
again. But we have... Well, I'm going to speak quickly before the next one.
He has a kind of escape valve in which he can speak and his function is to
speak when those around him speak little. It's easy, in a way, to see him
as the bard in Aesthetics, but it's a bit different from English. There are
some elements of... Cacophonics in English. I don't remember what it's
called in Spanish. What does being human mean? Well, above all, respecting
the comitatus, respecting the ealdiricht, and dying without killing a
relative. This kind of thing. Getting fame. All the different elements of
the ealdiricht. How are these people similar to us and how are they
different? Perhaps the most important thing in distinguishing them from us
is that we live in a society that values accumulating wealth. We respect
Donald Trump very much simply because he's rich. Some of us. We respect
him. The idea of accumulating wealth and individualism, doing what suits
you, are the basis of our society. Those two things are poison for
Anglo-Saxon society. You have to think about the community before yourself.
And accumulating wealth to accumulate it completely breaks the values of
the comitatus. So they are quite different in their way of seeing the
world. Let's see, what is the seventh one? Ah, yes. Other questions. Other
elements. Some questions that could fall in the PEC or in the exam. In what
sense is accumulating wealth typical of Anglo-Saxon literature and in what
way is it unique? Well, it's typical in that it has Anglo-Saxon literature
to refer to the comitatus, well, to use kenninga, to use lithotes. All the
formal elements are absolutely typical of Anglo-Saxon literature. It is
unique in that it is the only work that could be classified as an epic poem
of Anglo-Saxon literature that we have. There is a fragment of a work
called Waldere that it seems to be taken from an epic poem but it is only a
fragment. As an extended epic text there is Beowulf and nothing else. So,
sometimes in the PECs people tell me that Beowulf is a typical Anglo-Saxon
epic. Anyone knows. We don't know if there were many or if he is the only
one to survive, if there were many and Beowulf is very different from the
others or if they were all very similar. You can't say that it's a typical
Anglo-Saxon epic because we only have one. What elements of Anglo-Saxon
culture are reflected in the poem? Especially to this question you are
going to be talking about the comitatus of the Ealdiricht. You can also be
talking about all the formal elements. You can again enumerate the
English-Saxon literature or the kenning or the variation or the litotes
blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. I think that among these elements there are a
lot of that are very important to understand and we have be able to
language of the language that you are looking for that you use the
important terms but the Degeld okay but also when you use it for the first
time any of these rare terms comitatus like Degeld like whatever define it
because when you demonstrate when defining it you make it clear what you
are talking about that you have everything solved you understand everything
and there can not be any doubt that the term sounds but really what it
means escapes you a little although it seems heavy what you are trying to
do in an exam in the PEC is to demonstrate that you control the material
and to control the answer of what of the elements of Germanic culture yes
comitatus Degeld basically the same thing Sajona Kenning blah elements like
Degeld what we have not talked about almost anything is about how can you
define the hall very difficult to translate maybe palace the problem of the
hall is you know how in towns and small cities in Spain there are like
multifunctional it is used both for town meetings as sports events like if
there is an flood as a market yes when as a hostel as a restaurant when
there are the town parties it is raining the street is made there that is
what the hall is also the tribunal when you have to judge someone it is
done there then it is like a kind of town house in that sense the house I
don't know the of that yes there are no differences in culture germanic
cultures at this time the difference first vikings is a complicated word
viking is not something you are it's something you do you go viking you
don't be viking in the sense that someone can decide to look for his luck
by putting vikings in this if you find a church full of gold and defended
by some monks not defended by anyone well you go you take it and maybe kill
someone if it gets in the middle if you meet with one yes it's a long house
also if you meet with a better people organized that can defend you you're
there to do business and vikings are very important in the globalization of
the time so maybe better at this time talk about danese sometimes
norwegians want more well um one thing that is important to mention that no
someone has mentioned it but I don't because I forgot it is a concept of
destiny originally another god in the sense that defined the destiny of
human beings and also of gods is very similar to the parkas in greek
tradition so uh this is going to a variant to christianize society is that
it poses yes exactly the uh and you can see even the progress for example
when shakespeare in macbeth describes witches as weird sisters um is a
little uh between horses between the idea that they are sinister rare in
this sense and um they are a bit like the parkas are witches etc um but yes
the word comes from there um then with the arrival of christians uh weird
is something that god can resist the christian god is more powerful than
destiny can change his desire and he says directly the text in some cases
and it becomes little by little in the providence uh poet uh of voices that
you pronounce boy uh k rige las cosas y que esta ya decidido antes de que
el guerrero actúa ah es ah es muy importante para esta sociedad y
sobrevive en algunas formas la ah causa ni consecuencia pero tiene causas
que se pueden explicar como las pandemias como el tiempo esos cosas han
surgido de la nada son simplemente cosas que está definido por el weird ah
y no puedes predecirlos ah entonces pues ah el guerrero tiene la tiene la
elección de actuar o no pero las consecuencias de actuar ya están
definidos entonces el que tiene coraje siempre va a actuar porque si va a
morir va a morir de todas formas ah entonces el actúa el ah ataca o lo que
sea o defiende su pueblo ah y ah si ah aumenta su fama porque va a morir
cuando decide el weird ah de todas formas no ah puede evitar la muerte en
algún sentido su muerte bien pues ah más o menos esto os debería dar una
idea de esta obra ah cómo funciona esto normalmente es que ah en ah
beowulf es uno de los dos textos más probables para el peck ah el peck que
ah vais a tener que hacer al principio de diciembre tiende a ser o sobre
beowulf o sobre los cuentos de canterbury que vamos a empezar la semana que
viene ah si el peck trata de beowulf reduce muchísimo las probabilidades
que sale en el examen entonces una forma de enfrentarse a esta situación
dado que hay mucho material incluso la la cosa sin sin yo añadiendo más
hay bastante para leer ah ya lo sé ah sería no ah si no que es lo que ah
si si perdona si ah lo que pone en ah que tenemos pero si debería tocar si
claro ah he dicho los cuentos de canterbury pero no ah si ah pero luego
pues si sale beowulf en ah los ah en el pack pues podéis volver a las
notas y además como podéis usar weird podéis usar word para buscar
dentro de dentro del documento pues podéis sacar la información de ahí y
otros fuentes ah para contestar la cosa en el pack si beowulf sale en el
pack muy bien pues nada ah iré ah colgando cosas ah interesantes para
terminar este tema y ah para ah dar un último ah repaso a no no sé la
fecha del del pack eso lo decide el equipo docente si queréis preguntar a
ellos pero normalmente ah creo que es como el en la segunda mitad de
noviembre falta todavía falta ah os veo la semana que viene y a vuestros
preguntas al foro lo miro todos los días y encantado de contestarlos para
que la siguiente clase que tenemos que tener que preparar a asegado en el
caballero verde y el resto de la primera unidad creo que es ah oh espero no
debería saber esto después de tantos años perdón no ah la lo que es
sobre todo la si podéis la toda toda la unidad tres y si no sobre todo la
parte sobre segao en el caballero verde ah y la introducción eso pero no
le le toda la la unidad tres si podéis y eso lo vemos entonces muy bien
pues nada hasta luego sí a leer la unidad tres ah muy bien ahora hasta
luego voy a parar de grabar no sé si se han mantenido